We partner with private industry, governments, international agencies, academia and other stake-holders to harness eBeam technology. As part of these outreach and educational activities we publish a variety of scholarly articles. These include original peer-reviewed articles, research review articles, books, and book chapters. Additionally, we also publish articles related to eBeam technology in a variety of print and media outlets to serve our stakeholders. We are regularly involved in presenting and discussing eBeam technology in a variety of scientific conferences, workshops and customized strategic consulting services. Listed below are our eBeam technology related publications. Please contact us if you would like copies or reprints of these articles. 

Patents

High energy electron beam irradiation for the production of immuno-modulators in poultry. Jack McReynolds, Suresh D. Pillai, Palmy Jesudhasan and Martha Cepeda (2012)  (US patent 8,173,139) 

Books

Pillai, S.D. and S.Shayanfar (Editors) (2015) Electron Beam Pasteurization and Complementary Food Processing Technologies, Woodhead Publishing, UK pp 326

Book Chapters

Pillai, S.D. and S. Shayanfar (2017). Electron beam technology and other irradiation technology applications in the food industry. In. Applications of Radiation Chemistry in the fields of Industry, Biotechnology and Environment,  Springer (Eds. M. Venturi and M.D'Angelantonio)

Pillai SD, and S. Shayanfar (2015). Chapter 1. Introduction to electron beam pasteurization in food processing. In: Electron Beam Pasteurization and Complementary Food Processing Technologies (Eds. S.D. Pillai, and S. Shayanfar), Woodhead Publishing, UK (DOI: 10.1533/9781782421085.1.3

Pillai SD and S. Shayanfar (2015). Ch 6. Aseptic packaging of foods and its combination with electron beam processing. In: Electron Beam Pasteurization and Complementary Food Processing Technologies (Eds. S.D Pillai and S. Shayanfar), Woodhead Publishing, UK (DOI: 10.1533/9781782421085.2.83).

Shayanfar S, and S.D. Pillai SD (2015). Chapter 16. Future trends in electron beam technology for food processing. In: Electron Beam Pasteurization and Complementary Food Processing Technologies (Eds. S.D. Pillai and S. Shayanfar), Woodhead Publishing, UK (DOI: 10.1533/9781782421085.3.295).

Pillai, S.D. (2014) New opportunities for ebeam technologies in one health. In: Radiation processed materials in products from polymers for agricultural applications. Chapter 20. IAEA-TECDOC Series. Vienna, Austria

Pillai, S.D., C. Blackburn, and C. Bogran, (2014). Applications of ionizing irradiation for phytosanitary treatment and food safety for fresh produce. In: Global safety of fresh produce: A handbook of best-practice examples, innovative commercial solutions and case studies. Edited by J. Hoorfar. Woodhead Publishing, Oxford, UK.

Pillai, S.D. (2011) Empowering billions with food safety and food security In: In Food & Agriculture, Thematic Volume- International Conference on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy-2009 (Eds. Arun Sharma & S.F. D’Souza), Published by Bhaba Atomic Research Centre, Department of Atomic Energy, India

Reed, A.L., and S.D. Pillai (2011). E-Beam based ionizing radiation technology for municipal biosolid treatment. In: Solids Processing Design and Management Manual. (ed J. Smith). Water Environment Federation

Nair, C., D. Prince, C. Rambo, and S.D. Pillai (2010). Contemporary Issues in Food Safety. In: Comprehensive Food Fermentation Food Biotechnology. A. Pandey, , C. Larroche, R. Soccol, E. Gnansounou, and P. Nigam (eds). AsiaTech Publishers, New Delhi.

Pillai, S.D., D. H. D’Souza, G.D. Giovanni, A. Sharma, M. Patterson (2008). Microbiological safety of foods: contemporary challenges and solutions. In: Biotechnology. A. Pandey, C. Larroche, C. R. Soccol, and C-G Dussap, (eds) . AsiaTech Publishers

Pillai, S.D., and L.A. Braby. (2007) Electronic pasteurization of foods. In: Advances in Thermal and Non-Thermal Food Preservation. G.Tewari and V. Juneja (eds).  Blackwell Publishing, Ames, IA.

Pillai, S.D. L. Braby, and J. Maxim. (2006). Technical Challenges and Research Directions in Electronic Food Pasteurization. In: Food Irradiation Research and Technology. C.H. Sommers and X. Fan (eds). Blackwell Publishing.

Beier, R.C.,  and S.D. Pillai (2007) Future directions in food safety. In: Foodborne Diseases, S. Simjee (ed.).  Humana Press, Totowa, NJ .

Pillai, S.D. (2006) Food Irradiation: A solution to combat worldwide food-borne illnesses. In: Current Topics in Bioprocesses in Food Industries. Christian Larroche, Ashok Pandey, and Claude-Gilles Dussap (eds). AsiaTechPublishers, Inc. New Delhi.

Pillai, S.D. (2004). Food Irradiation. In: Pre-harvest and Post-harvest Food Safety: Contemporary Issues and Future Directions. (eds. R.C.Bier, S.D. Pillai. T.D. Phillips, and R.L. Ziprin). Institute of Food Technologists/Iowa State Press. 375-387

Research Reviews

Pillai, S.D., and K. McElhany (2011). Status of irradiated foods in the USA. SafeFood, 6: 1-10

Pillai, S.D., L. A. Braby, and C. B. Lavergne. (2005). Electron beam technology for food irradiation. International Review of Food Science and Technology  96-101

Smith, J.S., and S.D. Pillai (2004). Irradiation and Food Safety. Science Status Summary. FoodTechnology 58: 48-55.

Peer-Reviewed Original Research

Huang, M., Hasan, M. K., Pillai, S. D., Pharr, M., & Staack, D. (2022). Electron beam technology for Re-processing of personal protective equipment. Radiation Physics and Chemistry (Oxford, England : 1993), 110557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110557

Val Félix, L. A., Madera Santana, T. J., Pillai, S. D., Soto Valdez, H., Rodríguez Félix, D. E., Quintana Owen, P., ... Martínez Colunga, G. (2022). Physicochemical characterization and biodegradation test of oxo-degradable linear low-density polyethylene films subjected to gamma irradiation and accelerated weathering. Materials chemistry and physics, 287, 126282.

Huang, M., Hasan, M. K., Rathore, K., Hil Baky, M. A., Lassalle, J., Kraus, J., Burnette, M., Campbell, C., Wang, K., Jemison, H., Pillai, S., Pharr, M., & Staack, D. (2022). Plasma generated ozone and reactive oxygen species for point of use PPE decontamination system. PLoS ONE, 18(2), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262818

Girard Perier, N., Marque, Dupuy, N., Claeys Bruno, M., Gaston, F., Dorey, S., ... Nichols, L. (2022). Effects of X-Rays, Electron Beam, and Gamma Irradiation on Chemical and Physical Properties of EVA Multilayer Films. Frontiers in Chemistry, 10, 888285-888292.

Skrobarczyk, J. W., Martin, C. L., Bhatia, S. S., Pillai, S. D., & Berghman, L. R. (2022). Electron-Beam Inactivation of Human Rotavirus (HRV) for the Production of Neutralizing Egg Yolk Antibodies. Frontiers in Immunology, 13, 840077. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.840077

Bhatia, S. S., & Pillai, S. D. (2022). Ionizing Radiation Technologies for Vaccine Development - A Mini Review. Frontiers in Immunology, 13, 845514. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.845514

Dong Keon Lee, Chang Woo Im, You Hwan Jo, Todd Chang, Joo Lee Song, Cindy Luu, Ralph Mackinnon, Suresh Pillai, Chuen Neng Lee, Sanghoon Jheon, Soyeon Ahn, & Seung Hyun Won. (2021). Comparison of extended reality and conventional methods of basic life support training: protocol for a multinational, pragmatic, noninferiority, randomised clinical trial (XR BLS trial). Trials, 22(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-021-05908-z

Chmielewski Andrzej G., Sudlitz Marcin, Han Bumsoo, & Pillai Suresh D. (2021). Electron beam technology for biogas and biofertilizer generation at municipal resource recovery facilities. Nukleonika, 66(4), 213–219. https://doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2021-0031

Lassalle, J., Gao, R., Rodi, R., Kowald, C., Feng, M., Sharma, V. K., ... Pillai, S. D. (2021). Degradation of PFOS and PFOA in soil and groundwater samples by high dose Electron Beam Technology. Radiation physics and chemistry (1993), 189, 109705.

Folcik, A. M., Klemashevich, C., Pillai, S. D. (2021). Response of Microcystis aeruginosa and Microcystin-LR to electron beam irradiation doses. Radiation physics and chemistry (1993), 186, 109534.

Fifield, L. S., Pharr, M., Staack, D., Pillai, S. D., Nichols, L., McCoy, J., ... Murphy, M. K. (2021). Direct comparison of gamma, electron beam and X-ray irradiation doses on characteristics of low-density polyethylene, polypropylene homopolymer, polyolefin elastomer and chlorobutyl rubber medical device polymers. Radiation physics and chemistry (1993), 186, 109505.

Feng, M., Gao, R., Staack, D., Pillai, S. D., & Sharma, V. K. (2021). Degradation of perfluoroheptanoic acid in water by electron beam irradiation. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 19(3), 2689–2694. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-021-01195-x 

Praveen, C., Bhatia, S. S., Alaniz, R. C., Droleskey, R. E., Cohen, N. D., Jesudhasan, P. R., & Pillai, S. D. (2021). Assessment of microbiological correlates and immunostimulatory potential of electron beam inactivated metabolically active yet non culturable (MAyNC) Salmonella Typhimurium. PLoS ONE, 16(4), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243417

Price, T. R., Baskaran, S. A., Moncada, K. L., Minamoto, Y., Klemashevich, C., Jayuraman, A., Sucholdoski, J. S., Tedeschi, L. O., Steiner, J. M., Pillai, S. D., & Walzem, R. L. (2021). Whole and Isolated Protein Fractions Differentially Affect Gastrointestinal Integrity Markers in C57Bl/6 Mice Fed Diets with a Moderate-Fat Content. NUTRIENTS, 13(4), 1251. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041251

Jesudhasan, P. R., Bhatia, S. S., Sivakumar, K. K., Praveen, C., Genovese, K. J., He, H. L., Droleskey, R., McReynolds, J. L., Byrd, J. A., Swaggerty, C. L., Kogut, M. H., Nisbet, D. J., & Pillai, S. D. (2021). Controlling the Colonization of Clostridium perfringens in Broiler Chickens by an Electron-Beam-Killed Vaccine. ANIMALS, 11(3), 671. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030671 

PFOA and PFOS breakdown in experimental sand, laboratory-grade water, investigation-derived groundwater and wastewater effluent samples at 50 kGy electron beam dose. (2021). Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 

Fifield, L. S., Pharr, M., Staack, D., Pillai, S. D., Nichols, L., McCoy, J., ... Murphy, M. K. (2021). Direct comparison of gamma, electron beam and X-ray irradiation effects on single-use blood collection devices with plastic components. Radiation physics and chemistry (1993), 180, 109282.

Folcik, A. M., & Pillai, S. D. (2020). A critical review of ionizing radiation technologies for the remediation of waters containing Microcystin-LR and M. aeruginosa. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109128

Lei, J., Meng, J., Chen, I. W., Cheng, W., Beam, A. L., Islam, M., Bailey, W. D., Pillai, S., & Zhu, S. K. (2020). Deleterious effects of electron beam irradiation on development and reproduction of tomato/potato psyllids, Bactericera cockerelli. Insect Science, 27(6), 1311–1321. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.12733

Lei, J., Chen, I. W., Wright, G., Pillai, S., & Zhu-Salzman, K. (2020). Electron beam irradiation induces DNA endoreplication in holometabolous juvenile insects: a rapid flow cytometry-based diagnosis. Journal of Pest Science, 93(4), 1131–1142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-020-01235-5 

Geismar, H. N., Huang, Y., Pillai, S. D., Sriskandarajah, C., & Youn, S. (2020, June 1). Location-Routing with Conflicting Objectives: Coordinating eBeam Phytosanitary Treatment and Distribution of Mexican Import Commodities. Production and Operations Management, 29(6), 1506. https://doi.org/10.1111/poms.13170 

Ward, L. R., Van Schaik, E., Samuel, J., & Pillai, S. D. (2020). Reduction in microbial infection risks from raw milk by Electron Beam Technology. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.108567

Smith, B., Shayanfar, S., Walzem, R., Alvarado, C. Z., & Pillai, S. D. (2020). Preserving fresh fruit quality by low-dose electron beam processing for vending distribution channels. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 168. 

Sohini S. Bhatia, & Suresh D. Pillai. (2019). A Comparative Analysis of the Metabolomic Response of Electron Beam Inactivated E. coli O26:H11 and Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 13311. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00694

Wang, L., Cheng, W., Meng, J., Speakmon, M., Qiu, J., Pillai, S., & Zhu Salzman, K. (2019). Hypoxic environment protects cowpea bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus) from electron beam irradiation damage. Pest Management Science, 75(3), 726-735. 

Rocha, J. N., Dangott, L. J., Mwangi, W., Alaniz, R. C., Bordin, A. I., Cywes-Bentley, C., Lawhon, S. D., Pillai, S. D., Bray, J. M., Pier, G. B., & Cohen, N. D. (2019). PNAG-specific equine IgG1 mediates significantly greater opsonization and killing of Prescottella equi (formerly Rhodococcus equi) than does IgG4/7. Vaccine, 37(9), 1142–1150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.01.028

Shayanfar, S., Broumand, A., Pillai, S. D. (2018). Acid stress induces differential accumulation of metabolites inEscherichia coliO26:H11. Journal Of Applied Microbiology, 125(6), 1911-1919.

Shayanfar, S., Deibel, V., & Brown, E. (2018). Enhancing food safety: translating molecular biology to microbiology: a dialogue between molecular and traditional microbiologists. Journal of Food Protection, 81(Suppl. A), 21. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X-81.sp1.1

Sági, G., Szabacsi, K., Szabó, L., Homlok, R., Kovács, K., Mohácsi-Farkas, C., Pillai, S. D., Takács, E., & Wojnárovits, L. (2018). Influence of ionizing radiation on the antimicrobial activity of the antibiotics sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part A, Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering, 53(8), 687–693. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2018.1439821

Pillai, Suresh D, and Shima Shayanfar. "Electron beam processing of fresh produce – A critical review." Radiation physics and chemistry (1993) 143(2018):85-88. Web.

Bhatia, S. S., Wall, K. R., Kerth, C. R., & Pillai, S. D. (2018). Benchmarking the minimum Electron Beam (eBeam) dose required for the sterilization of space foods. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 143, 72–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.08.007 

Sági, G., Szabacsi, K., Szabó, L., Homlok, R., Kovács, K., Mohácsi-Farkas, C., Pillai, S. D., Takács, E., & Wojnárovits, L. (2018). Influence of ionizing radiation on the antimicrobial activity of the antibiotics sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. Journal of Environmental Science & Health, Part A: Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering, 53(8), 687–693. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2018.1439821

Hieke, A. C., Pillai, S. D. (2018). Escherichia coli Cells Exposed to Lethal Doses of Electron Beam Irradiation Retain Their Ability to Propagate Bacteriophages and Are Metabolically Active. Frontiers in microbiology, 9

Bhatia, S., K.S. Wall, C. Kerth, and S.D. Pillai. 2017. Benchmarking the minimum electron beam (eBeam) dose required for the sterilization of space foods (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.08.007)

Smith, B., A. Ortega, and S.D. Pillai (2017). Preserving Quality of Fresh Cut Watermelon Cubes for Vending Distribution by Low-Dose Electron Beam Processing. Food Control 72: 367-371

Shayanfar, S., K. Mena, and S.D. Pillai (2017) Quantifying the Reduction in Potential Infection Risks from Non-O157 Shiga Toxin Producing E.coli in Strawberries by Low Dose Electron Beam Processing. Food Control 72: 324-327

Wang, L., B. Batchelor, S.D. Pillai and V.S.V. Botlaguduru. 2016. Electron beam treatment for potable water reuse: removal of bromate and perfluorooctanoic acid. Chemical Engineering Journal. 302: 58-68

Trudeau, M.P., H. Verma, F. Sampedro, P.E. Urriola, G.C. Shurson, J. McKelvey, S.D. Pillai and S.M. Goyal. 2016. PloS one 11: e0158128

Zemboua, M.Kaci, S. Bruzard, J-L. Audic, S.Shayanfar and S. D. Pillai. 2016. Electron beam radiation effects on properties and ecotoxicity of PHBV/PLA blends in presence of organo-modified montmorillonite. Polymer Degradation and Stability. 132: 117-126

Madera-Santana, T.J., R. Melendrez, G. Gonzalez-Garcia, P. Quintana-Owen and S.D. Pillai. 2016. Effect of gamma irradiation on physicochemical properties of commercial poly(lactic acid) clamshell for food packaging. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 123: 6-13.

Rocha, J.N., N.D. Cohen, A.I. Borden, C.N. Brake, S. Giguere, M.C. Coleman, R.C. Alaniz, S.D. Lawhon, W. Mwangi and S.D. Pillai. Oral Administration of Electron-Beam Inactivated Rhodococcus equi Failed to Protect Foals against Intrabronchial Infection with Live, Virulent R. equi. PlosONE (in press)

Salvatore, M., A. Marra, D. Duraccio, S. Shayanfar, S.D. Pillai, S. Cimmino and C. Silvestre. 2015. Effect of electron beam irradiation on the properties of polylactic acid/montmorillonite nanocomposites for food packaging applications. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 133: DOI: 10.1002/app.42219

Sang, W., M. Speakmon, L. Zhou, Y. Wang, C. Lei, S.D. Pillai and K Z-Salzman. 2015. Detrimental effects of electron beam irradiation on the cowpea bruchid Callosobruchus maculatus.  Pest Management doi: 10.1002/ps.4053

Shayanfar, S., C. Harzman and S.D. Pillai (2015) Fruit juice and puree characteristics influence enrichment requirements for real-time PCR detection of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris. InternationalJournal of Food Contamination 2:1 DOI: 10.1186/s40550-015-0008-0

Hieke, A-S, C. and S.D. Pillai (2015) Attenuation of 10 MeV electron beam energy to achieve low doses does not impact Salmonella spp. Inactivation kinetics. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 110: 38-41

Jesudhasan, P.R., J.L. McReynolds, A.J. Byrd, H.He, K.J. Genovese, R. Droleskey, C.L. Swaggerty, M.H. Kogut, S.Duke, D.J. Nisbet, C. Praveen and S.D. Pillai (2015) Electron beam inactivated vaccine against Salmonella Enteriditis colonization in molting hens. Avian Diseases 59: 165-170.

Bordin, A.L., S.D. Pillai, C. Brake, K.B. Bagley, J.R. Bourquin, M. Coleman, F.N. Oliviera, W. Mwangi, D.N. McMurray, C.C. Love, M.J.B. Felippe, and N.D. Cohen. (2014) Immunogenicity of an electron beam inactivated Rhodococcus equi vaccine in neonatal foals. PlosOne. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105367

Praveen, C., P.R. Jesudhasan, R. Reimers and S.D. Pillai (2013). Electron beam inactivation of selected microbial pathogens and indicator organisms in aerobically and anaerobically digested sewage sludge. Bioresources Technology 144: 652-657

Praveen, C., Dancho, B.A., Kingsley, D.H., Calci, K.R., Meade, G.K., Mena, K.D. and Pillai, S.D. (2013). Susceptibility of Murine Norovirus and Hepatitis A Virus to Electron Beam Irradiation in Oysters and Quantifying the Reduction in Potential Infection Risks.  Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79: 3796-3801

Bordin, A.I., Suchodolski, J.S., Markel, M.E.,  Weaver, K.B., Steiner, J.M., Dowd, S.E., Pillai, S., andCohen, N.D. (2013) Effects of administration of live or inactivated virulent Rhodococccus equi and age on the fecal microbiome of neonatal foals. PlosOne 8: e66640

Murthi, P., Praveen, C., Jesudhasan, P. R., & Pillai, S. D. (2012). Comparing extraction buffers to identify optimal method to extract somatic coliphages from sewage sludges. Bioresource Technology, 118, 407-411.

Espinosa, A. C., Jesudhasan, P., Arredondo, R., Cepeda, M., Mazari-Hiriart, M., Mena, K. D., and Pillai, S. D. (2012). Quantifying the reduction in potential health risks by determining the sensitivity of poliovirus type 1 chat strain and rotavirus SA-11 to electron beam irradiation of iceberg lettuce and spinach. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 78(4), 988-993.

Kakani, G., Jesudhasan, P. R., & Pillai, S. D. (2012). Different biocides elicit differential responses in bacteria. IEEE Aerospace.

Kogut, M. H., McReynolds, J. L., He, H., Genovese, K. J., Jesudhasan, P. R., Davidson, M. A. Cepeda, M.A., & Pillai, S. D. (2012). Electron-beam irradiation inactivation of salmonella: Effects on innate immunity and induction of protection against salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium challenge of chickens. Procedia in Vaccinology, 6, 47-63.

Pillai, S.D., A. Smitherman, C.Call, M. Cepeda, C. Schwartz and M. Grunlan (2010). E-Beam Sterilization of Aerospace Materials: Microbiological & Mechanical Property Evaluations. Proceedings of the IEEE Aerospace Conference

Brahmakshatriya, V., B. Lupiani, J.L. Brinlee, M. Cepeda, S.D. Pillai, and S.M. Reddy (2009)  Preliminary study for evaluation of avian influenza virus inactivation in contaminated poultry products using electron beam irradiation. Avian Pathology. 38:245-50

Mackay, W.A., B. Pemberton, J. Maxim and S.D. Pillai. (2008). Ionizing Irradiation Using E-Beam to Control Importation of Biothreat Agents in Geranium Cuttings Inhibits Rooting. HortScience 43:955-956.

Urgiles, E., J. Wilcox, O. Montes, S. Osman, K. Venkateswaran, M. Cepeda, J. Maxim, L. Braby and S.D. Pillai (2007) Electron beam irradiation for microbial reduction on spacecraft components. Proceedings of the IEEE Aerospace Conference.

Ic, E., B. Kottapalli, J. Maxim, and S.D. Pillai (2007). Electron beam irradiation of dried fruits and nuts to reduce yeast and mold bioburden. Journal of Food Protection 70: 981-985

Pillai, S.D., K. Venkateswaran, M. Cepeda, K. Soni, S. Mittasch* J. Maxim, and S. Osman (2006) High energy (10 MeV) electron beam ionizing irradiation to decontaminate spacecraft components and materials for planetary protection. Proceedings of the IEEE Aerospace Conference. March. 9 pp.